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Martyrs of Otranto
St. Antonio Primaldo and his companion martyrs ((イタリア語:I Santi Antonio Primaldo e compagni martiri)), also known as the Martyrs of Otranto, were 813 inhabitants of the Salentine city of Otranto in southern Italy who were killed on August 14, 1480. The mass execution is often explained as taking place after the Otrantins refused to convert to Islam when the city fell to an Ottoman force under Gedik Ahmed Pasha.
==Characteristics==
The siege of Otranto -with the martyrdom of the inhabitants- was the last tentative of Islam to conquer southern Italy. The slaughter was remembered by Risorgimento historians (like Arnaldi and Scirocco) as a milestone in European history,〔Alfonso Scirocco, ''In difesa del Risorgimento'', Bologna, Il Mulino, 1998. ISBN 88-15-06717-5〕 because even due to this sacrifice the Italian peninsula was never conquered by Muslim troops like happened with the Iberian and Balkan peninsulas.〔Girolamo Arnaldi, ''L'Italia e i suoi invasori'', Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2002. ISBN 88-420-6753-9〕
The contemporary Turkish historian Ibn Kemal indeed justified the slaughter on religious grounds. One modern study suggests it may have been a punitive measure, devoid of religious motivations, exacted to punish the local population for the stiff resistance they put up, which delayed the Turkish advance and enabled the King of Naples to strengthen local fortifications. Intimidation, a warning to other populations not to resist, may also have entered the invaders' calculations.〔Ilenia Romana Cassetta, ELETTRA ercolino, 'La Prise d'Otrante (1480-81), entre sources chrétiennes et turques,' in ''Turcica,'' 34, 2002 pp.255-273, pp.259-260: 'L'unique historien qui décrit la chute de la ville et le meurtre d'un grand nombre d'habitants est Ibn Kemal. Il justifie le massacre des chrétiens par des motivations religieuses. En réalité, cet événement semble avoir eu davantage un caractère punitif et d'intimidation qu'une connotation religieuse.'(p.259)〕 They were beatified in 1771 and were canonised by Pope Francis on 12 May 2013.〔(Article on Il Sole )〕 They are the patron saints of the city of Otranto and the Archdiocese of Otranto.
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